From Lynzie's Motherboard ---

--Message #282--
From: Jim 853
To: ALL
Date: 08-31-88 13:22:17
Subject: LINE NOISE

Most line noise that has troubled me has been input through the telephone
lines of Pac Tel.
Here are two possible corrective measures.
Go to Radio Shack with $6.95 plus tax.  Get a snap on choke, aka
toroid. Cat. No. 273-104.
It is a ferrous core that snaps apart and snaps toegether again.
Snap it open.  Wind your telephone cord around it up to seven times.
Place it close to the modem.  The plastic blister pack comes with
two cores.  If you need more suppression, use both.
I have found it quite effective - not perfect, but real good - on
the Everex Evercom 920 1200 b internal modem that I am using right
now.  Before installing it, I could not have possibly used this modem
during the daytime hours.
It is VERY simple.  Even you can do it.  There is no wiring at all.
Just wrap your phone cord - be careful about the direction of winding
 and snap it together again.
The second approach is one which has benefitted a member of this
board.  This involves a friendly Pac Tel repairman who came up with
a "trap."  To me, a "trap" is a notch filter.  I have looked at it.
It is a small plastic item about the size of a book of matches.
It has two wires in and two wires out.  It is placed in the phone
junction box (where the phone line enters the house).  It has three
two pole switches on it.  By setting the switches, it is possible
to screen out noise in a particular frequency range.  The member
who benefitted from this has the computer/modem about two blocks
from a cluster of 5 tall AM radio transmitting towers.  Before the
installation, it was absolutely impossible to use the modem until
late at night when the station powered down.  Now there is no noise
during the day when the station is powered up.
This installation was a "favor."  The member has checked (with the
wife of the repairman) and been informed that the trap is nowhere
available.  By report, you can't even PAY Pac Tel for them.  But
they have them.  So why don't some of you clever folks approach your
friendly Pac Tel repairmen and find out how to get them?  And when
you do, please let me know.
Meanwhile, the Radio Shack toroid is onehellofalot better than nothing.
P.S. -Don't screw the goose who laid the golden egg.  The member
who got this really did get a favor.  The phone co. does not know
about it.  So please don't say "So and so has one."

--Message #308--
From: Bill 876
To: Jim 853
Date: 09-04-88 16:19:58
Subject: LINE NOISE --Why your inexpensive gagdet from Radio Shack helps

Jim, you told us a few messages back about a trick for reducing
noisy communications problems with a Radio Shack gadget.  For the
benefit of those who may not have noticed or who may remain skeptical
of the merits of such a simple thing (everything good has to be
expensive, right?), the following is diagram of what you've done and
an explanation of why it really does help.


                                      - - - - - - -

      P1    + /\ /\ /\ /\      M1    |      |\
          ____\/_\/_\/_\/___________________| \       Input
 Phone       _____________                  | /       circuitry
 Line        _____________                  |/        of
          ____  _  _  _  __________________     |\    modem
              /\ /\ /\ /\                  \____| \
      P2    + \/ \/ \/ \/      M2               | /
                                     |          |/

          Bifilar transformer         -------------




The "+" signs are the polarity marks for the windings (the two wires
of the phone line in this case); they identify which terminals of the
transformer will, instantaneously, have the same polarity of induced
voltage (EMF).  The effect of the transformer is to reject
common-mode signals while transmitting differential signals.

The desired information is in the differential signal, and is thus
not attenuated.  Noise sources such as leakage or inductive coupling
from nearby power lines and voltages induced by lightning strikes
and the like often have a large part of their energy in the
common-mode signal, which is rejected.  The net effect is an
improvement of signal-to-noise ratio, which is what you reported to
us.

A few words for those who may want to understand the language of the
field a bit better for purposes of following up these ideas:
     The differential-mode signal is the difference in voltage
between two points.  It is VP1-VP2 at the phone line and VM1-VM2
at the modem input (where Vxy denotes the voltage at point xy).
     The common-mode signal is the mean voltage at two points.  It is
(VP1+VP2)/2 at the phone line and (VM1+VM2)/2 at the modem input.
     The action of the bifilar transformer is to enforce that
(VP1-VM1), the voltage induced in the upper winding, is equal to
(VP2-VM2), the voltage induced in the lower winding.  The rejection
of common-mode and the acceptance of differential-mode signals then
follows as a direct consequence.

Modems normally attempt to do their *own* job of rejecting common
mode signals.  Often, however, this is done by circuitry which either
only partially accomplishes this, or which accomplishes it up to a
certain value of common-mode voltage, after which the circuitry no
longer effectively does its rejection job.  Thus the bifilar
transformer gives a hand in both cases.

Thanks, Jim, for bringing this easily-implemented trick to our
attention.

-b

