










                                       4DOS

                                       4OS2

                                4DOS for Windows NT





                                    Guided Tour







                                   Published By

                                 JP Software Inc.
                                   P.O. Box 1470
                             East Arlington, MA 02174
                                      U.S.A.

                                  (617) 646-3975
                                fax (617) 646-0904









        Copyright 1993 - 1994, JP Software Inc., All Rights Reserved.  4DOS
        is a registered trademark and 4OS2, JP Software, and the JP
        Software logo and product logos are trademarks of JP Software Inc.
        Other product and company names are trademarks of their respective
        owners.

                                                                      10-94
                                                          Starting The Tour
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        A GUIDED TOUR OF 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT


        This booklet will acquaint you with some of the features of 4DOS,
        4OS2, and 4DOS/NT.  It isn't a substitute for the other manuals,
        but it will help you understand how familiar our products seem if
        you are used to the traditional command prompt, and it will
        introduce you to many of our most popular features and
        enhancements.  By the time you finish this guided tour, you will
        have a feeling for how easy and friendly 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT
        are compared to the traditional command processor.

        This tour is interactive.  Sit down at your computer with this
        booklet.  Each time an example is shown, try it.  The tour will
        create all of the files it uses;  it won't modify or change your
        existing files and subdirectories at all.  Each section of the tour
        is self-contained so you can skip any sections you wish and return
        to them later.

        In this tour we won't attempt to cover all the details of each
        feature we introduce.  If you want complete information about any
        command or topic discussed in the tour, see the online help or the
        Reference Manual.  If you come across terms or concepts that you
        are unsure about, refer to the General Concepts chapter, the
        Glossary, or the Index in the Reference Manual.


        Starting The Tour

             Before you can start the tour, you need to install your new
             command processor.  If you haven't done so yet, see the
             Introduction and Installation Guide for instructions.  Select
             "Tour Installation" from the INSTALL menu to copy the
             necessary files to your disk without making any modifications
             to your system configuration files.  If you have already done
             a full installation and 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT is running on
             your system, just skip the step below where the command
             "4DOS", "4OS2", or "4NT" is entered.

             During the course of the tour, we'll ask you to enter several
             commands.  Your entries are shown in lower case, but you can
             type in either upper or lower case.

             The display may look slightly different on your system,
             depending on how your prompt is set up, what disk drive you're
             using, and what files are in your installation directory.
             Don't worry about any minor differences.




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                                                          Starting The Tour
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             In some cases, the computer's output will be too long to fit
             on a line of this booklet and remain readable.  We've
             truncated those lines and placed three dots [...] at the end
             to show you that the actual line displayed on your screen will
             be longer.  Some commands create more lines of output than we
             need to display here to show how they work.  We've put a line
             of nine dots [... ... ...] in those locations to indicate that
             additional information will be shown on your screen.

             We've written the tour as if you were using 4DOS, because it's
             our most popular product.  The few minor differences in 4OS2
             and 4DOS/NT are noted in the text.

             To start the tour, first change to the directory where 4DOS,
             4OS2, or 4DOS/NT was installed, using the CD command.  For
             example, if you've used the directory C:\4DOS, enter the
             following command:

                  C:\> cd 4dos
                  C:\4DOS>

             Now start 4DOS by typing:

                  C:\4DOS> 4dos

             This starts 4DOS in "test drive" mode -- it isn't permanently
             installed, but you can use it for the tour or other testing.
             If you are using 4OS2, type 4OS2;  if you are using 4DOS/NT,
             type 4NT.  If you have already performed a full installation,
             skip this step.

             You'll see a sign-on message that looks similar to this,
             followed by a prompt:

                  4DOS EMS swapping initialized (128K)
                  4DOS 5.5   DOS 6.2
                  Copyright 1988-1994  Rex Conn & JP Software Inc.
                     ... ... ...

                  c:\4dos>

             Depending on how your prompt was previously defined, you may
             now see it in lower case, which most people find easier to
             read.  A lower case prompt is the default, and we'll show the
             prompt that way throughout the tour.  Once you have 4DOS,
             4OS2, or 4DOS/NT fully installed you can use the PROMPT
             command to change it to upper case if you prefer.

             If you started 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT in "test drive" mode and
             want to exit at any time, just type the command EXIT at the


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        A Guided Tour of 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT                          2
                                                             Basic Commands
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             prompt and press Enter.  This will return you to the
             traditional DOS, OS/2, or Windows NT command line:

                  c:\4dos> exit
                  C:\4DOS>


        Basic Commands

             We'll begin the tour by demonstrating some of the most common,
             and most familiar, commands.  We'll also show you some of the
             enhancements that we've added to those commands to make your
             computing easier.

             First, enter the single-character command ?.  You'll see a
             display like this:

                  c:\4dos> ?

                  ?         ALIAS     ATTRIB    BEEP      ...
                  CD        CDD       CHCP      CHDIR     ...
                  CTTY      DATE      DEL       DELAY     ...
                       ... ... ...
                  UNSET     VER       VERIFY    VOL       ...

             The ? command displays a list of all the commands built into
             your new command processor.  You certainly don't have to
             memorize them all -- we'll show you how to get help with any
             command in a few moments.  Nor are we going to demonstrate all
             of these commands in this tour.  If you want complete
             information about a command, see the online help or the
             Command Reference chapter in the Reference Manual.

             Now try a DIR command to see a list of files in the current
             directory.  DIR displays a list of file names, sizes, dates,
             and times:

                  c:\4dos> dir

                   Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST    Serial number ...
                   Directory of  c:\4dos\*.*

                  .            <DIR>     10-14-94  14:21
                  ..           <DIR>     10-14-94  14:21
                  4dos.com       148264  11-23-94   5:50 4DOS 5.5 ...
                  4dos.doc       345005  11-23-94   5:50 4DOS 5.5 ...
                  4dos.ico          766  11-23-94   5:50 Color ...
                  4dos.pif          545  11-23-94   5:50 PIF file ...
                       ... ... ...
                  tour2.btm        2765  11-23-94   5:50 Guided ...


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                                                             Basic Commands
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                  updat55.doc     37946  11-23-94   5:50 Informat ...
                    833,056 bytes in 19 files and 2 dirs  851,968 ...
                   18,651,136 bytes free

             The DIR display should look familiar.  But, unlike the
             traditional DIR display, you'll see the file names in lower
             case and in alphabetical order.  We also give you some totals
             at the end of the display that help you see how much space
             your files are using.  The text at the right end of each line
             is a file description -- it will be there if you installed
             4DOS from diskette (as opposed to a downloaded copy).  We'll
             discuss descriptions later in the tour.

             By using some of DIR's options, you can make the display even
             easier to read.  The directory display you just saw probably
             didn't fit on your screen.  You can tell DIR to pause at the
             end of each page by using the command DIR /P.  The /P is an
             example of a switch or option which modifies the behavior of a
             command.  Enter the DIR /P command now:

                  c:\4dos> dir /p

             You'll see the same display, but with a pause at the end of
             each page.

             You might prefer to display directories in 2 columns.  DIR
             will do that if you include the /2 option.  If you add the /V
             option, it will perform a vertical sort, with file names
             running alphabetically down the first column and then down the
             second column.  (We've left the display out of this booklet,
             because the second column doesn't fit on the page.  You'll be
             able to see it on the screen.)

                  c:\4dos> dir /2/v

                  [The 2-column directory display will appear here.]

             DIR has many other formatting and file selection options; all
             of them are explained under the DIR command in your Reference
             Manual.

             Next, you'll use a simple batch file called TOUR1.BTM to
             create a dummy file.  (A .BTM batch file is similar to a
             traditional .BAT or .CMD batch file, but faster.)  To run
             TOUR1.BTM, enter the command:

                  c:\4dos> tour1

             This batch file creates a small file called FILE1 in your
             current directory.  The contents of the file aren't important;


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             we're simply using it to demonstrate some file-handling
             capabilities.  You can verify that FILE1 has been created by
             using DIR again.

             Now use the COPY command to copy the contents of FILE1 to a
             new file, FILE2:

                  c:\4dos> copy file1 file2
                  c:\4dos\file1 => c:\4dos\file2
                       1 file copied

             The copy was performed just like the traditional COPY command,
             but the output is friendlier:  COPY tells you exactly what
             file it copied, where it copied the file to, and a count of
             files at the end.

             Now try renaming a file.  If you've used the traditional
             RENAME command or its synonym REN, this will look familiar:

                  c:\4dos> ren file1 file3
                  c:\4dos\file1 -> c:\4dos\file3
                       1 file renamed

             Like COPY, the REN command tells you just what it did.  You
             now have two files, FILE2 and FILE3, in the current directory.
             You can use another enhancement to add the extension .TST to
             both of them:

                  c:\4dos> ren file2 file3 *.tst
                  c:\4dos\file2 -> c:\4dos\file2.tst
                  c:\4dos\file3 -> c:\4dos\file3.tst
                       2 files renamed

             Unlike the traditional REN command, our enhanced version lets
             you rename multiple files with a single command.  All file
             processing commands like COPY, DEL, MOVE, and RENAME accept
             multiple file names, so you can combine several file
             operations instead of using a separate command for each file.

             Now delete the files you have just created.  You could use a
             simple command like DEL *.TST, but that would delete any other
             .TST files in the current directory also.  To protect against
             erasing files that you might want to keep, add a /P option to
             DEL so that it will prompt you before it deletes each file.
             Answer Y to the prompts shown below to delete your test files:

                  c:\4dos> del *.tst /p
                  Delete c:\4dos\file3.tst (Y/N/R)? y
                  Delete c:\4dos\file2.tst (Y/N/R)? y
                       2 files deleted          4,096 bytes freed


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                                           Command Line Editing and History
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             (The R response listed in the prompt means "process the rest
             of the files."  You can use it to skip further prompting
             during a command.)

             To verify all these actions, you can do a DIR or DIR /P to
             look at what files are left in the directory.  All the files
             you've just created (FILE1, FILE2, FILE3, FILE2.TST, and
             FILE3.TST) should be gone.

             The features we've demonstrated here -- traditional commands
             with enhancements that make your work easier -- are present
             throughout 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT.  If you want more details,
             pick a traditional  command that you're familiar with and look
             up the corresponding command in the Reference Manual or online
             help to get an idea of what's new and improved.  (Remember
             that 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT only replace internal commands
             like COPY and DIR, not external commands like DISKCOPY and
             FORMAT.)


        Command Line Editing and History

             This section demonstrates features which make it easy to
             correct typing mistakes at the system prompt, to repeat
             previous commands, and to get help with any command.

             We can't show you exact examples here as easily as we can in
             the other sections of the tour, since the display depends on
             the exact keystrokes you type and we want you to experiment a
             little.  So we'll guide you through what you can do, and
             you'll see the results on your screen.

             First, create a typing error, with an incorrect DIR command:

                  c:\4dos> dur /2

             Traditionally, you would have had to use the Backspace key to
             erase most of the line in order to correct this error, or
             press Esc and start over.  Command line editing makes
             corrections much easier.  Press the Home key followed by the
             right arrow.  The cursor will move to the start of the line
             and then right one space to the "u" in "dur".  Type an "i" and
             the command should be correct.  To execute it, press Enter;
             if you'd rather not, press Esc.

             That's a simple example of command line editing.  You can use
             the left and right arrow keys, Home and End, and Backspace and
             Del to move around and modify your command line at any time,
             just like you do in your word processor or editor.  Other keys
             let you move the cursor a word at a time, delete words, change


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                                           Command Line Editing and History
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             between overstrike and insert modes, and perform many other
             operations.  Esc always clears the line and lets you start
             over.

             4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT remember the commands you type in a
             command history.  We'll use the HISTORY command to display the
             commands that you have used so far during this tour:

                  c:\4dos> history
                  ?
                  dir
                    ... ... ...
                  dir /2

             You normally have room for about 1000 characters of history,
             but you can reduce or enlarge this amount to suit your own
             needs.

             Now press the up-arrow key once.  The last command in the
             HISTORY display (DIR /2 in the example above) will appear at
             the prompt.  You can use the editing keys to modify this
             command, which is usually much easier than retyping it.  To
             execute the command again, whether or not you've modified it,
             press Enter.  To clear the line, press Esc.

             If you'd like to see more commands, first press Esc to clear
             the command line. (To see all commands in the history, you
             should always start with an empty command line.)  Now press
             up-arrow several times.  Each time you press it, you will back
             up one more line in the command history.  Once you find the
             line you're looking for, you can modify it if you like and
             then press Enter to execute it.

             Now imagine that you have been working for a while.  An hour
             ago you did a complex DIR command and you need to do it again.
             You could scroll through an hour's worth of command history.
             But another feature called command completion will save you
             time.

             First, type the beginning of the command -- DI, or DIR.  Now
             press the up-arrow.  This will recall the newest command in
             the history that starts with the characters you typed (if
             there are no matches, you'll hear a beep).  Press up-arrow
             again to retrieve the command before that, still matching to
             the characters you originally typed.

             You can try this feature now using DI or DIR, because you've
             put several DIR commands into the command history during this
             tour.



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                                                          Command Line Help
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             Perhaps you would prefer to look at a list of commands that
             you have entered and choose from the list.  First press the
             Esc key to clear the command prompt.  Then press the PgUp key.
             You will see a history window in the upper right corner of
             your screen showing the commands you've recently typed.  You
             can move around in this window with the up-arrow and down-
             arrow keys.  PgUp and PgDn scroll the display a page at a
             time.  When you find the command you want, press Enter to re-
             execute it as is, or press Ctrl-Enter to move the line to the
             prompt where you can edit it as usual.


        Command Line Help

             You can get help for 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT any time you need
             it from the command prompt -- just press the F1 key.

             If you're using 4DOS, you'll see a display of all the HELP
             topics when you press F1.  If you would like some help with
             COPY, move the cursor bar to COPY, or just type COPY and 4DOS
             will move the bar for you.  Press Enter to see help on the
             topic;  once you're there, scroll through the help using the
             vertical arrows or PgUp and PgDn keys.  The highlighted items
             within a topic are cross-references to other topics;  select
             one with the horizontal arrow keys and press Enter to view it.
             Press Esc to back up, or F1 to return to the topic list.

             For more help using the 4DOS help system, see the Help topic
             at the beginning of the topic list.  If you have a mouse, see
             the Mouse topic.

             Under 4OS2, F1 will start VIEW.EXE, OS/2's standard help file
             viewer.  If you aren't familiar with VIEW, click on the Help
             button on the menu bar for additional information.  You can
             navigate through the help system with the mouse or keyboard,
             using standard OS/2 conventions.

             Under 4DOS/NT, F1 will start the standard Windows NT help
             program.  Use the Help button on the menu bar for additional
             information.  You can navigate through the help system with
             the mouse or keyboard, using standard Windows conventions.

             Now exit the help system (double click on the "close" box in
             the upper left corner of the window, or use the Esc key in
             4DOS).   Then start entering a command:

                  c:\4dos> copy *.doc a: /

             After that "/" you want to use the option that tells COPY to
             prompt you before replacing an existing file, but you can't


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                                                           More About Files
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             remember what it is.  Just leave the command as it is and
             press F1.  The help system will display help on COPY, and
             you'll see that the option you want is /R.  Exit the help
             system and you'll be right back on the command line.  You can
             type the R and press Enter to execute the command -- or press
             Esc to clear the line without executing it.

             There are many more features that can help you at the command
             line.  Most of them are described in Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS,
             4OS2, and 4DOS/NT, in your Reference Manual.


        More About Files

             This section of the tour explores some additional features
             that will help you manage files and directories.  You're about
             to use another batch file, TOUR2.BTM, to create some files
             with which you can experiment.  First, take a look at the
             batch file with the LIST command:

                  c:\4dos> list tour2.btm

             As you can see on your screen, LIST is a full screen file
             viewer.  You can scroll and page through the text.  You may
             notice that some lines near the end of the file extend beyond
             the edge of your screen.  To make the off-screen text visible
             use the left and right arrows to scroll the display
             horizontally, or press W to turn line wrapping on and off.
             LIST also lets you search for text, print the file you're
             viewing, and display the file in "hexadecimal" mode,
             capabilities that we won't demonstrate on this tour.  The file
             TOUR2.BTM is simply a batch file that creates other files,
             using the ECHO command.  You don't have to worry about how it
             works;  we just used it to show you LIST.  Press Esc to exit
             List and return to the command line.

             Now run TOUR2.BTM:

                  c:\4dos> tour2

                  Please wait ...

                  File creation completed

             TOUR2 creates three files called FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3.  The
             contents of the files aren't important since we're just using
             them for demonstration purposes.  You'll be deleting and
             recreating them several times during the rest of the tour.




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                                                           More About Files
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             Now try the SELECT feature.  SELECT lets you choose files for
             any command from a full-screen list.  We'll use it here to
             delete one of the files that TOUR2 created.  Enter the
             command:

                  c:\4dos> select del (file*)

             This lets you select from files that begin with the characters
             "file", and pass the name of each selected file to the DEL
             command for action.

             The display on your screen includes a two-line header and then
             the list of files, just as they'd look in a directory display.
             Press the spacebar to "mark" the first file -- a triangular
             mark will appear to the left of the file name.  You can scroll
             around in the display and mark and unmark files with the
             spacebar as you like.  When you hit Enter, the command will be
             executed, deleting the files you've marked.  For now, mark
             FILE1 and leave the other files unmarked, so that FILE2 and
             FILE3 are not deleted.  You'll use them in the next step.

             SELECT is also handy if you want to copy a group of files to a
             floppy disk, perhaps to take your work home for the night or
             to make a quick backup.  If you'd like to try it, put a floppy
             disk in drive A (it should be formatted, with at least 4K
             bytes free).  Then enter this command:

                  c:\4dos> select copy (file*) a:

             Mark one or both of the files in the SELECT display, and the
             marked file(s) will be copied to the floppy disk when you hit
             Enter.

             SELECT is a "prefix" command:  it goes before another command
             and modifies what that second command does.  Another useful
             prefix command is EXCEPT, which lets you do something except
             to one or more files.  Before you try EXCEPT, create new
             copies of FILE1, FILE2, and FILE3 (TOUR2 will overwrite any
             old copies of these files remaining from the last time it was
             run):

                  c:\4dos> tour2
                     ... ... ...

             Now use EXCEPT to delete all but one of the files that TOUR2
             created:

                  c:\4dos> except (file1) del file*
                  Deleting c:\4dos\file2



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                                                           More About Files
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                  Deleting c:\4dos\file3
                       2 files deleted          4,096 bytes freed

             The EXCEPT command protected FILE1 from being deleted.  To
             verify that, use the DIR command.  When you're done, run TOUR2
             one more time so the files are there for the next step.

             Next, create two subdirectories within the current directory:

                  c:\4dos> md dira dirb

             Notice that you can create both subdirectories with a single
             command.  Traditionally, you would have needed two MD commands
             to do the same thing.  To verify that the directories are
             there, use DIR but ask it to display only subdirectories (/A:D
             stands for "Attributes: Directory"):

                  c:\4dos> dir /a:d

                   Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST  Serial number is ...
                   Directory of  c:\4dos\*.*

                  .            <DIR>     10-14-94  14:21
                  ..           <DIR>     10-14-94  14:21
                  DIRA         <DIR>     12-13-94  10:23
                  DIRB         <DIR>     12-13-94  10:23
                            0 bytes in 0 files and 4 dirs  0 bytes ...
                   18,608,128 bytes free

             OK, things look right.  Now move the demonstration files to
             those directories, using the built-in MOVE command.  This is
             what you should type to move FILE1 to DIRA, and FILE2 and
             FILE3 to DIRB:

                  c:\4dos> move file1 dira
                  c:\4dos\file1 -> c:\4dos\dira\file1
                       1 file moved

                  c:\4dos> move file2 file3 dirb
                  c:\4dos\file2 -> c:\4dos\dirb\file2
                  c:\4dos\file3 -> c:\4dos\dirb\file3
                       2 files moved

             As usual, you can see exactly what has happened.

             Now that you've created a subdirectory structure, it's time to
             get a look at it.  Use DIR's /S option to look for all the
             files whose names begin with "file" in the current directory
             and all of its subdirectories:



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                                                           More About Files
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                  c:\4dos> dir /s file*

                   Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST    Serial number ...
                   Directory of  c:\4dos\dira\file*.*

                  file1              22  12-13-94  10:37
                            22 bytes in 1 file and 0 dirs   2,048 ...
                    18,587,648 bytes free

                      Total for:  c:\4dos\dira\file*.*
                            22 bytes in 1 file and 0 dirs   2,048 ...

                   Directory of  c:\4dos\dirb\file*.*

                  file2              22  12-13-94  10:37
                  file3            1938  12-13-94  10:37
                         1,960 bytes in 2 files and 0 dirs   4,096 ...
                    18,587,648 bytes free

                      Total for:  c:\4dos\dirb\file*.*
                         1,960 bytes in 2 files and 0 dirs   4,096 ...

                      Total for:  c:\4dos\file*.*
                         1,982 bytes in 3 files and 0 dirs   6,144 ...

             DIR has displayed the directory header, filenames, and totals
             for each of the two subdirectories that contain files matching
             the name you entered, FILE*.  It also has displayed a grand
             total.

             You've seen that DIR can look at several subdirectories at
             once.  Now do the same thing with DEL, and delete the files
             you put in your demonstration subdirectories, along with the
             subdirectories themselves, with a single command.  To do so,
             you need to use two options:  /S and /X.  The /S option tells
             DEL to delete files in the current directory and all of its
             subdirectories.  The /X option makes DEL remove each
             subdirectory if all the files within it are deleted:

                  c:\4dos> del /s/x dira dirb
                  c:\4dos\dira\*.* : Are you sure (Y/N/R)? Y
                  Deleting c:\4dos\dira\file1
                  c:\4dos\dirb\*.* : Are you sure (Y/N/R)? Y
                  Deleting c:\4dos\dirb\file2
                  Deleting c:\4dos\dirb\file3
                       3 files deleted          6,144 bytes freed

             Note the safety feature here.  When you tell DEL to delete
             DIRA and DIRB, they are recognized as directory names.  DEL
             assumes you mean "delete all files in this directory."  Since


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                                                           More About Files
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             you're deleting all the files, DEL displays a prompt that
             tells you what's about to be deleted and asks you whether you
             really want to do the deletion.  Once you answer Y the files
             are deleted, and the subdirectory is automatically removed
             (because you used the /X switch).

             4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT also let you use file descriptions, so
             you can describe a file's contents more clearly than with an
             8-character file name.  If you installed 4DOS from diskette,
             you've seen some descriptions in your directory displays
             already.  The descriptions can be up to 40 characters long by
             default, and may be extended up to 200 characters if you wish.

             Run TOUR2 again to regenerate the three demonstration files.
             Then use the DESCRIBE command to create a description for each
             file (you can enter any description you like; you don't have
             to use the text shown):

                  c:\4dos> tour2
                  c:\4dos> describe file*
                  Describe "c:\4dos\file1" : Tour file 1
                  Describe "c:\4dos\file2" : Tour file 2
                  Describe "c:\4dos\file3" : Tour file 3

             Now look at the descriptions with a DIR command:

                  c:\4dos> dir file*
                       ... ... ...

             The descriptions will appear any time you ask for a standard,
             single-column directory display.  They will also appear when
             you use the SELECT command.  They can be a lifesaver when you
             have files whose contents you can't remember, or when you have
             large groups of files with similar names.

             4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT can also help you find files or text
             quickly and easily, anywhere on your disk.  To search for
             files or text, you use the FFIND command.

             In its simplest form, FFIND searches for files.  For example,
             try this command to find all the .DOC files in the  current
             directory:

                  c:\4dos> ffind *.doc
                  c:\4dos\4dos.doc
                  c:\4dos\appnotes.doc
                  c:\4dos\license.doc
                  c:\4dos\orderinf.doc




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                  c:\4dos\readme.doc
                  c:\4dos\updat55.doc

                       6 files

             You can also use FFIND to search for text:

                  c:\4dos> ffind /lt"echo" *.doc
                  ---- c:\4dos\4dos.doc
                  [1179]                   echo %comspec

                  ---- c:\4dos\appnotes.doc
                  [1293]                     echo This is junk ...

                  ---- c:\4dos\updat55.doc
                  [279]           immediately, without echoing the ...

                    3 lines in     3 files

             FFIND has listed the first line in each file which contains
             the text you specified.  You can use the /V switch to show
             every line which contains your search string (not just the
             first line).  The /L switch used above includes line numbers
             in the output, and the /T switch specifies the search string.
             Other FFIND switches let you control the order in which files
             are listed, search subdirectories (like DIR /S), search the
             entire hard disk, and even search all the hard disks in your
             system.


        Directory Navigation

             4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT make it easier to access files;  they
             also make it much more convenient to navigate through the hard
             disk directory structure.  You're probably already familiar
             with the traditional CD command, which you use to change
             directories.  We've added a "go back" option to CD, which is
             invoked by using the minus sign [-] instead of a directory
             name.  Try this:

                  c:\4dos> cd \
                  c:\> cd -
                  c:\4dos>

             The CD - changes back to the directory you were in before the
             most recent CD command.  It's a convenient way to switch back
             and forth between two directories.  (Make sure you type at
             least one space between CD and the minus sign.)




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                                                                    Aliases
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             You can also change the drive and directory at the same time
             with the CDD command, so you don't have to switch drives first
             and then change directories.  Here's an example using CDD.
             Before you try it, put a floppy disk in drive A:

                  c:\4dos> cdd a:\
                  a:\> cdd -
                  c:\4dos>

             As you can see, the minus works with CDD as well.

             For more complex sequences of directory navigation, you can
             use PUSHD and POPD.  These commands maintain a directory
             "stack" and let you make several changes, then move back
             through the directories you've been to.  They can change both
             drive and directory, like CDD.  For example:

                  c:\4dos> pushd a:\
                  a:\> pushd c:\
                  c:\> popd
                  a:\> popd
                  c:\4dos>

             Now press Ctrl-PgUp (hold down the Ctrl key and then press the
             PgUp key).  You'll see a directory history window in the upper
             right corner of your screen showing the directories you have
             visited recently.  You can move around this window with the
             same keys you used earlier in the command history window.
             When you find a directory that you want to move to, press
             Enter to change to it.  You can also press Ctrl-Enter to move
             the directory name to the command line for editing.

             We also offer a special environment variable, CDPATH, to help
             you find the right directory without a lot of typing.  CD,
             CDD, and PUSHD use CDPATH to find the subdirectory you want to
             change to if they can't find it in the current directory.
             This can help a lot when you have long but commonly used
             directory names.  See the Reference Manual or online help for
             complete details on CDPATH, and information on another
             directory navigation feature, Automatic Directory Changes.


        Aliases

             Aliases are one of the most powerful features in 4DOS, 4OS2,
             and 4DOS/NT.  Simple aliases are very easy to set up and use
             (that's what we'll discuss here).  Complex aliases allow you
             to configure your system just about any way you want, and can
             often take the place of small batch files.



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                                                                    Aliases
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             The purpose of an alias is to rename or reconfigure a command.
             Aliases are defined and viewed with the ALIAS command.  In
             this tour, we'll show you how to set up aliases for the DIR
             command.  Of course, you can use aliases to enhance any
             command;  for more examples see the ALIAS command in the
             Reference Manual, and the sample file ALIASES that comes with
             your command processor.

             Here's a popular favorite for anyone who uses DIR and wants to
             be able to use a simple D instead:

                  c:\4dos> alias d = dir

             To see what aliases you've defined, enter ALIAS with no
             parameters:

                  c:\4dos> alias
                  d=dir

             To use the alias, just enter its name at the prompt, like any
             command.  In this case, you'll see a standard directory
             display:

                  c:\4dos> d

             Once you've defined an alias, you can use it anywhere a
             command can be used:  at the prompt, in a batch file, or
             inside another alias.

             As an example, build on the D alias you have already defined.
             Suppose you regularly use 2-column directory listings,
             discussed near the start of the tour.  You can define an
             alias, D2, to execute the DIR /2 command with the touch of a
             couple of keys.  Since you have already defined D, you can
             define D2 separately, or so it uses the D alias (choose one
             method to try):

                  c:\4dos> alias d2 = dir /2
                  c:\4dos> alias d2 = d /2

             To use this alias, just type the command D2 and press Enter.
             You can pass file names to these aliases just like you would
             to the original command.  For example, D2 *.DOC will display
             the .DOC files.

             You can create aliases that are even easier to use with
             keystroke aliases, which let you assign an Alt, Ctrl, or
             Function key to an alias so you can invoke it by pressing a
             single key.  Say you'd like to assign the 2-column directory



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                                                                    Aliases
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             display to F5.  Just define an alias like D2, and make the
             alias name the key name, with two at-signs [@@] before it:

                  c:\4dos> alias @@f5 = dir /2

             Now press F5 and the DIR /2 command will be executed.  You can
             also create key aliases that don't execute when you press the
             key, so you can type additional information on the line --
             just use a single [@] sign at the start of the alias, instead
             of two.

             You can use an alias to redefine how a standard command works,
             without changing its name.  Suppose you always want DIR to
             display its output in 2 columns, with a vertical sort and a
             pause at the end of each page.  You might think of using
             something like this:

                  c:\4dos> alias dir = dir /2/p/v

             Go ahead and try that, then do a DIR.  You'll get an error:

                  c:\4dos> dir
                  Alias loop

                  c:\4dos>

             The "alias loop" error is caused because the DIR command
             inside your alias is interpreted as another attempt to run the
             same alias.  It's easy to change the alias so this doesn't
             happen:

                  c:\4dos> alias dir = *dir /2/p/v

             The [*] indicates that what follows should not be interpreted
             as an alias.  Try the definition above (you can scroll back to
             the incorrect definition with up-arrow and modify it).  Then
             do a DIR and you'll see the results.  Using this method, you
             can redefine the default options for any internal command.

             Aliases can contain multiple commands and can do much fancier
             things than what you've seen here.  They're great for creating
             shorthand names for commonly used programs like your word
             processor or database manager, and they will often load
             programs faster as well -- if you put the full name of the
             program in an alias, 4DOS doesn't need to search your PATH for
             it (see the ALIAS command in the Reference manual or online
             help for full details on this technique).





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                                                             Other Commands
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        Other Commands

             There are a few other commands that we'll just touch on, so
             that you can see some of the other capabilities of 4DOS, 4OS2,
             and 4DOS/NT.

             First, turn on the LOG facility, which records all the
             commands you enter.  Enter the command:

                  c:\4dos> log /w mylog

             You won't see anything else happen, but you've turned logging
             on.  We'll return to the log later.

             A couple of commands let you control screen color.  The
             examples here will work on any system with a color video board
             (the commands work on monochrome systems, too, but you're
             restricted to the colors white and black).  Try clearing the
             screen to a specific color:

                  c:\4dos> cls bright white on magenta

             Now let's set a different color:

                  c:\4dos> color bright yellow on blue

             The behavior of the COLOR command varies depending on which
             product you are using, and (under DOS) whether you have an
             ANSI driver loaded.  In some cases COLOR will change the color
             of the entire screen immediately; in others, it only affects
             the color of text displayed after it's executed, and not the
             color of text already on the screen.  You can experiment with
             COLOR to see how it works on your system.

             The FREE and MEMORY commands help you keep track of system
             resources.  FREE tells you about free space on your disk
             drives (and is much faster than CHKDSK).  MEMORY tells you
             about memory resources, including available RAM, and internal
             alias and history storage areas.  Here are examples of the
             output from our test system;  try the commands on your system
             and see what you get:

                  c:\4dos> free
                   Volume in drive C is JPS_TEST    Serial number ...
                    41,826,304 bytes total disk space
                    23,232,512 bytes used
                    18,593,792 bytes free





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                                                             Other Commands
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                  c:\4dos> memory
                       655,360 bytes total DOS RAM
                       612,256 bytes free

                     7,815,168 bytes total EMS memory
                       688,128 bytes free

                        12,288 bytes free XMS memory  (HMA in use)

                         1,792 bytes total environment
                           233 bytes free

                         6,144 bytes total alias
                         1,045 bytes free

                         1,024 bytes total history

             The TIMER command lets you time events.  The following line
             also shows that 4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT can accept multiple
             commands on one line.  (The character used to separate
             commands is a caret [^] in 4DOS, as shown below.  Use an
             ampersand [&] in place of the caret if you are working with
             4OS2 or 4DOS/NT.)  This command starts the timer, runs the
             TOUR2.BTM file to create the three demonstration files,
             deletes the three files, and then stops the timer and displays
             the how long the whole operation took.  Enter this command to
             time the entire sequence on your computer:

                  c:\4dos> timer ^ tour2 ^ del file* ^ timer
                  Timer 1 on: 11:10:01

                  Please wait ...

                  File creation completed
                  Deleting c:\4dos\file1
                  Deleting c:\4dos\file2
                  Deleting c:\4dos\file3
                       3 files deleted
                  Timer 1 off: 11:10:06 elapsed: 0:00:05.11

             Now return to the log that you started a few minutes ago.
             Turn logging off, then take a look at what was recorded, using
             these commands:

                  c:\4dos> log off
                  c:\4dos> list mylog

             You'll see a full-screen display of the log file.  It should
             look something like this:



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                                                                Batch Files
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                  [12-13-94 11:05:02] cls bright white on magenta
                  [12-13-94 11:06:45] color bright yellow on blue
                    ... ... ...
                    ... (commands from TOUR2.BTM displayed here)
                    ... ... ...
                  [12-13-94 11:12:35] log off

             You can scroll through the log with the arrow keys and PgUp /
             PgDn.  Press Esc to exit when you've finished viewing the log.

             As you can see, the log contains every command you entered
             plus a date and time stamp.  It's a complete record of system
             activity, including commands you type and those entered from
             batch files and aliases.  You can use it as a record of your
             work, for security purposes, or for anything else you desire.
             You may want to clean up the directory now by deleting this
             demonstration log with a DEL MYLOG command.


        Batch Files

             This final section demonstrates a few of the enhancements we
             offer for your batch files.  If you've never worked with batch
             files, you may want to skip this section.  If you aren't sure,
             give it a try and stop if things seem too complex.  You don't
             have to be a batch file expert to use 4DOS, 4OS2, or 4DOS/NT.

             Rather than having you write actual batch files, we'll
             demonstrate some of the batch file features that work just as
             well at the prompt.

             Some batch file improvements aid in communicating with the
             user.  You can make sounds:

                  c:\4dos> beep 440 2 880 8 660 4

             You can draw boxes and lines.  Enter each of these commands on
             one line;  use the second set if you have a monochrome
             monitor:

                  c:\4dos> cls bright white on blue
                  c:\4dos> drawbox 10 10 20 70 4 bright cyan on black
                             fill black
                  c:\4dos> drawhline 15 10 61 1 bright cyan on black

                  c:\4dos> cls bright white on black
                  c:\4dos> drawbox 10 10 20 70 4 black on white fill
                            white
                  c:\4dos> drawhline 15 10 61 1 black on white



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                                                                Batch Files
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             Notice that these commands correctly connect the lines on the
             screen where they intersect.  Additional commands like SCREEN
             and SCRPUT, which we won't demonstrate here, display text
             anywhere on the screen and in any color.

             You can also ask the user for input.  Try this (be sure to use
             two percent signs before the second "letter"):

                  c:\4dos> inkey Enter a letter: %%letter
                  Enter a letter: A

             The letter you typed was stored in your environment in the
             variable named LETTER.  Use the SET command to view it:

                  c:\4dos> set
                  COMSPEC=C:\4DOS\4DOS.COM
                       ... ... ...
                  LETTER=A

             The user can also type full strings if you use the INPUT
             command:

                  c:\4dos> input Enter a string: %%string
                  Enter a string: Type anything you like here ...

             Again, SET will let you view the string, stored in the
             environment variable STRING.  INKEY and INPUT have many
             additional options, including the ability to check for valid
             keystrokes, and "time out" if you don't press a key within a
             specified length of time.

             Once you've collected some input, you can test it with the IF
             and IFF commands.  Here's one example.  Enter this on one line
             (there's plenty of room;  command lines can be up to 255
             characters long in 4DOS, and up to 1023 characters in 4OS2 and
             4DOS/NT).  Type ampersands [&] in place of the carets [^] if
             you are using 4OS2 or 4DOS/NT.

                  c:\4dos> inkey Enter a letter: %%letter
                           ^ iff "%letter" == "A" then ^ echo hello
                           ^ else ^ echo goodbye ^ endiff

             Try using the up-arrow to repeat the command several times,
             giving different responses to the "Enter a letter" prompt.

             4DOS, 4OS2, and 4DOS/NT offer dozens of additional batch file
             improvements.  For more information see the Reference Manual
             or online help.




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                                                                 Conclusion
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        Conclusion

             This has been a very fast tour of some of the most popular
             features of our enhanced command processors.  There are many
             more features, commands, and options to explore, as well as
             ways to customize your system so that it suits your computing
             habits and needs.  One of the best features of 4DOS, 4OS2, and
             4DOS/NT is their ability to adapt to your way of working
             instead of requiring you to adapt to them.

             If you selected "Tour Installation" when you ran the INSTALL
             program, you will probably want to perform a full installation
             now.  You can put the distribution disk in your floppy drive,
             run INSTALL, and follow the instructions on the screen.  If
             you need help, refer to the installation instructions in your
             Introduction and Installation Guide.

             To learn more about specific commands, look through the
             Command Reference section of the Reference Manual, or the
             individual commands in the online help.  To learn more about
             the dozens of features that aren't related to specific
             commands, read through Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS, 4OS2, and
             4DOS/NT in the Reference Manual, or browse through the online
             help.




























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