From ts@uwasa.fi Wed Feb 7 00:00:00 1996
Subject: FAQFTP.TXT contents
                             Copyright (c) 1993-1996 by Timo Salmi
                                               All rights reserved

FAQFTP.TXT Additional questions related to FTP (File Transfer
Program). Comments and corrections are solicited.

....................................................................
Prof. Timo Salmi   Co-moderator of news:comp.archives.msdos.announce
Moderating at ftp:// & http://garbo.uwasa.fi archives  193.166.120.5
Department of Accounting and Business Finance  ; University of Vaasa
ts@uwasa.fi http://uwasa.fi/~ts BBS 961-3170972; FIN-65101,  Finland

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1) What is anonymous FTP? How do I get files from sites using it?
2) How to read scrolling text files on-line during an FTP session?
3) How do I convert Unix text files to PC files, and vice versa?
4) How do I download a zipped file using WWW and Netscape?
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From ts@uwasa.fi Wed Feb 7 00:00:01 1996
Subject: Basics of anonymous FTP

1. *****
 Q: What is anonymous FTP? How do I get files from sites using it?

 A: Both these questions are covered in PD2ANS.TXT which is a part
of this same Frequently Asked Questions collection. See the very
first question in the said file. For the second part of the question
see Appendix A of PD2ANS.TXT. Much the same information is given in
ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/pd2/camfaq.zip item "Hands on! A newbie's
quick start to get you going. An example." That file has been posted
regularly to the Usenet newsgroup comp.archives.msdos.announce.
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From ts@uwasa.fi Wed Feb 7 00:00:02 1996
Subject: Reading text files on-line in FTP

2. *****
 Q: How to read scrolling text files on-line during an FTP session?

 A: Take a moment to study the two tricks in the demonstration
session log below. The tricks are "ls -CF" and "ls -lF |less". A
third trick is to have a terminal emulator with a scroll-back
buffer. E.g. MsKermit terminal emulation program has this convenient
feature. You can even read a text file with theses trick by applying
eg "get README |less". You can direct a listing to a file. Example
"ls -lF dir.log". You shell from the session by "!less dir.log" to
read the file.
               *** IMPORTANT NOTICE ***
Handy as these tricks are, you should use them judiciously, since
they keep the FTP connection open. Recall that there may be many
simultaneous users at the more popular FTP sites. It is better to
decrease the load by first getting the text files (eg the example
README, especially if it is long) and read them at your leasure at
your own host after you have closed the FTP connection. There may
even access limitations on the maximum simultaneous number of FTP
users, so do not hog the connection.
  > ftp garbo.uwasa.fi                             <--- your input
  Connected to garbo.uwasa.fi.
  220 garbo.uwasa.fi FTP server ready.
  Name (garbo.uwasa.fi:ts): anonymous              <--- your input
  331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
  Password: [your email address]                   <--- your input
  230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
  ftp> ls -CF                                      <--- your input
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
  .FSP_CONTENT    bin/            lost+found/     pc/             ql/
  .message        dev/            ls-lR.Z         photos/         unix/
  CD-ROM.INF      etc/            mac/            private-ajh/    usr/
  CDROM/          garbo-gifs/     mirror/         private-hv/     windows/
  HELP            home-brew/      next/           private-ts/
  226 Transfer complete.
  remote: -CF
  211 bytes received in 0.03 seconds (6.8 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> cd /pc/ts                                   <--- your input
  250 CWD command successful.
  ftp> ls -lF |less                                <--- your input
  200 PORT command successful.
  150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
  total 4087
  -rw-rw-r--  1 ts          29359 Oct 11 04:03 0news-ts
  -rw-rw-r--  1 ts          36892 Dec 31  1990 0news89.ts
  [parts deleted]
  -rw-rw-r--  1 ts          39143 May 31  1989 tsf2cm15.zip
  -rw-rw-r--  1 ts          82531 Aug 18 11:46 tsfaqn37.zip
  :q                                               <--- your input
  226 Transfer complete.
  local: |less remote: -lF
  3638 bytes received in 70 seconds (0.051 Kbytes/s)
  ftp> close                                       <--- your input
  221 Goodbye.
  ftp> quit                                        <--- your input
  >
There is also an alternative approach to reading long text files
on-line if you are using a PC for your terminal emulation.  Get a
screen buffer program where you can scroll the text back and forth.
For example get
 45720 Oct 19 01:08 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/screen/scrlit18.zip
 scrlit18.zip SCROLLit, Advanced Screen ScrollBack Buffer (good)
or whatever version is the current. Another scrollback buffer
program is /pc/screen/buffit30.zip.
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From ts@uwasa.fi Wed Feb 7 00:00:03 1996
Subject: Unix <--> MS-DOS conversions

3. *****
 Q: How do I convert Unix text files to PC files, and vice versa?

 A: This is maybe not be an actual FTP question, but it is so
closely related to file transfers that it is at home here in
faqftp.txt in ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/ts/tsfaqn44.zip.

> I need to convert a Unix text file to a PC text file. How can I do
> that?

Unix and MS-DOS use different eolns (end of lines) for text files.
In Unix the next line character is ascii 10, while MS-DOS uses an
ascii 13 ascii 10 pair.

You can do the conversion in several different ways.

1) If the text file with the Unix eolns is not already on your PC,
first transfer the Unix file in binary mode from your Unix host to
your PC. Convert the file with the Unix eolns on your PC. There are
many programs that can do the conversion, like
 "UNIX2PC.EXE Unix text eolns to PC eolns"
from
 122356 Apr 1 13:51 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pub/pc/ts/tsfilt22.zip
 tsfilt22.zip Programs for filtering messages, log files, Unix-PC, etc.
or
 "FILGEN.EXE  Generalized filter for any file"
 "UNIX2PC.XLT Unix newlines to PC newlines"
from
 68793 Feb 20 14:04 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/ts/tsfltb18.zip
 tsfltb18.zip Easily customizable general filters, for text or binary.
or
 14395 Jul 26 1989 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/unix/flip1exe.zoo
 flip1exe.zoo Do newline conversions between *NIX and MS-DOS
The advantage with flip is that it preserves data stamps and it
works both ways (Unix -> MS-DOS, MS-DOS -> Unix). You can also
preserve date stamps by using U2PC.BAT "Change Unix eolns to MS-DOS
eolns" from tsfilt22.zip. Another advantage of flip is that it can
take wild cards for the files to be flipped.

2) Do the conversion from Unix eolns to MS-DOS eolns already at your
Unix host using a Unix filter like
 830 Mar 18 1993 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/unix2pc
 unix2pc Filter Unix end of lines to PC end of lines, T.Salmi
or a program like
 26409 Dec 5 1992 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/fileutil/flip.tar.Z
 flip.tar.Z Covert text file eolns between MS-DOS and Unix

3) The third option is complicated the first time out if you do not
already have the necessary facilities installed, but once you do, it
is perhaps the best alternative, since it decreases the size of the
file to be transferred. I use this option quite a lot myself.

First make a .zip file of your Unix text file on your Unix host. For
this you will need to have the zip program on your Unix host. The
Unix .zip is available from the /unix/arcers directory at Garbo
archives as
 304911 Sep 23 21:12 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/arcers/zip201.tar.Z
 zip201.tar.Z Info-ZIP's portable zipper (Unix,VMS,..), 2.04 compatible
If you do not know how to handle that, get
 1781 Aug 12 00:26 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/arcers/zipmake.inf
 zipmake.inf Making Info-ZIP's Zip operational, example by T.Salmi.

When you have the zip program on your Unix host apply
 zip -l -9 -j -o MyZip.zip MyText.txt
The -l switch is the crucial switch.

Transfer the MyZip.zip file from your Unix host to your PC in the
binary mode. Then unzip it applying for example "PKUNZIP MYZIP.ZIP"
using pkunzip.exe from
 202574 Feb 1 1993 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/arcers/pkz204g.exe
 pkz204g.exe PKWARE's pkzip, pkunzip, pkzipfix, zip2exe for .zip
or unzip.exe from
 229715 Aug 3 14:48 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/arcers/unz511x3.exe
 unz511x3.exe Info-ZIP's self-extracting unzipper (with 386 version)

4) If the file transfer program that you use has the option, use the
ascii transfer mode in transferring the Unix text file from your
Unix host to your PC. Then you need no conversions.

5) Some editors can handle the different eolns in their stride. All
that is needed is to resave the Unix text file with the editor on
your PC. For example you can use
 200006 Oct 25 04:00 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/editor/tsejr4.zip
 tsejr4.zip The SemWare Editor Jr, former QEdit, very good, nagware
or
 404275 Dec 14 02:00 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/demo/tsetd2.zip
 tsetd2.zip The SemWare Editor (TSE) v2.0 Demo/Test-Drive

---
> I need to convert an MS-DOS text file to a Unix text file to get
> rid of the ^M at the end of each line. How can I do that?

Again there are several options which mirror the ones above.

1) If the text file with the MS-DOS eolns is not already at your Unix
host, first convert the MS-DOS text file on your PC. The transfer in
the binary mode from you PC to your Unix Host. There are many
programs that can do the conversion, like
 "PC2UNIX.EXE PC text eolns to Unix eolns"
from
 122356 Apr 1 13:51 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pub/pc/ts/tsfilt22.zip
 tsfilt22.zip Programs for filtering messages, log files, Unix-PC, etc.
or
 "FILGEN.EXE  Generalized filter for any file"
 "PC2UNIX.XLT PC newlines to Unix newlines"
from
 68793 Feb 20 14:04 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/ts/tsfltb18.zip
 tsfltb18.zip Easily customizable general filters, for text or binary.
or
 14395 Jul 26 1989 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/unix/flip1exe.zoo
 flip1exe.zoo Do newline conversions between *NIX and MS-DOS
or
 11313 Feb 23 15:42 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/fileutil/dos2unx1.zip
 dos2unx1.zip Convert MS-DOS text files to UNIX, both ways, E.Danylieko

2) If the file is not already at your Unix host, first transfer the
text file from your PC to your Unix host in the binary mode. Convert
the text file with MS-DOS eolns on your Unix host using a Unix filter
like
 876 Oct 13 1993 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/pc2unix
 pc2unix Filter PC end of lines to Unix end of lines, T.Salmi
or a program like
 26409 Dec 5 1992 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/fileutil/flip.tar.Z
 flip.tar.Z Covert text file eolns between MS-DOS and Unix

3) Zip your text file on your PC, transfer the zip file in the
binary mode to your host, and then unzip it at your host using
"unzip -a YourZip".

I use this quite a lot myself, since it makes it easy to transfer
many text files at one go, and besides it reduces the size of the
material that has to be transferred.

You will naturally need the unzip program at your Unix host. It is
readily available as
 525840 Sep 1 07:47 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/arcers/unzip512.tar.Z
 unzip512.tar.Z Info-ZIP's UnZip, portable C source code
If you do not know how to handle that, get
 1806 Sep 2 13:15 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/arcers/unzmake.inf
 unzmake.inf Making Info-ZIP's UnZip operational, example by T.Salmi

4) If the file transfer program that you use has the option, use the
ascii transfer mode in transferring the MS-DOS text file from your
PC to your Unix host. Then you need no conversions.
---

For us Scandinavians with diacritical characters that,
unfortunately, is not all there is to it. One needs translations
between the upper ascii and their lower ascii counterparts. There
are several MS-DOS programs for the purpose like
 "TOASC.EXE  8bit ibm to Scandinavian 7 ascii"
 "TOASCI.EXE 8bit ibm to International 7ascii"
 "TOIBM.EXE  7 ascii to Scandinavian 8bit ibm"
from
 122356 Apr 1 13:51 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pub/pc/ts/tsfilt22.zip
 tsfilt22.zip Programs for filtering messages, log files, Unix-PC, etc.
For doing the conversions on your Unix host there are simple Bourne
shell scripts like
 772 Jan 28 07:50 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/asc2ibm
 asc2ibm Filter 7-bit Scandinavian characters to 8-bit characters
and
 2479 Oct 3 10:26 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/ibm2asc
 ibm2asc Filter 8-bit Scandinavian characters to 7-bit characters
Furthermore, you might need
 772 Jan 28 07:49 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/asc2lat1
 asc2lat1 Convert 7-bit Scandinavian characters to 8-bit latin1
and
 989 Feb 4 07:47 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/ibm2lat1
 ibm2lat1 Convert 8-bit Scandinavian PC characters to 8-bit latin1
or even
 794 Feb 13 09:15 ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/unix/ts/lat12ibm
 lat12ibm Convert 8-bit latin1 scandies to 8-bit IBM PC scandies
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From ts@uwasa.fi Wed Feb 7 00:00:04 1996
Subject: Downloading with Netscape

4. *****
 Q: How do I download a zipped file using WWW and Netscape?

 A: Since about 1993-94 the World Wide Web has experienced an
unprecedented explosion and is sometime even (somewhat incorrectly)
thought as the Internet. The most popular browser to utilize WWW is
overwhelmingly the Netscape Navigator. This means that using
Netscape to get files from FTP sites has become an important option
along with the more conventional ftp tools. The exact steps to get
files using Netscape is dependent on your configuration and your
Netscape version, but here is an outline with Windows 3.1 and
Netscape version 1.22 (there are more recent versions, but at the
time of writing this, there have been an alarming number of bug
reports about the Netscape 2+ versions on the Usenet news.) 1) Move
the mouse cursor on the file name link. A link is usually indicated
by a different color (often blue or magenta). Furthermore, you'll
see at the bottom of your screen the URL (Universal Resource
Locator) path automatically appear. 2) Holding the cursor there,
click the right mouse button, and a menu should appear. 3) Click on
"Save this link as". Another menu "Save as" should appear. 4) Accept
the suggestion and click on the OK button. Or select where the file
should go. Usually start with selecting the drive from the "Drives"
window. If you wish to, then select a directory from the
"Directories" window. Then click on the OK button. That should be
about it.
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