UGANDA                                                                          
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 236,040 km2; land area: 199,710 km2                                 
                                                                                
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon                                  
                                                                                
Land boundaries: 2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan             
435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km                                           
                                                                                
Coastline: none--landlocked                                                     
                                                                                
Maritime claims: none--landlocked                                               
                                                                                
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December               
to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast                             
                                                                                
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains                                   
                                                                                
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt                              
                                                                                
Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 9%; meadows and                      
pastures 25%; forest and woodland 30%; other 13%; includes irrigated            
NEGL%                                                                           
                                                                                
Environment: straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil                
erosion                                                                         
Note: landlocked                                                                
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 18,690,070 (July 1991), growth rate 3.7% (1991)                     
                                                                                
Birth rate: 51 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)                          
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 94 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                       
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 52 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Ugandan(s); adjective--Ugandan                               
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%                         
                                                                                
Religion: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,                       
rest indigenous beliefs                                                         
                                                                                
Language: English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used;                  
other Bantu and Nilotic languages                                               
                                                                                
Literacy: 48% (male 62%, female 35%) age 15 and over can                        
read and write (1990 est.)                                                      
                                                                                
Labor force: 4,500,000 (est.); subsistence agriculture 94%, wage                
earners (est.) 6%; 50% of population of working age (1983)                      
                                                                                
Organized labor: 125,000 union members                                          
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: Republic of Uganda                                              
                                                                                
Type: republic                                                                  
                                                                                
Capital: Kampala                                                                
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern,               
Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western       
                                                                                
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)                                          
                                                                                
Constitution: 8 September 1967, in process of constitutional                    
revision                                                                        
                                                                                
Legal system: government plans to restore system based on English               
common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system;          
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations                          
                                                                                
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)                            
                                                                                
Executive branch: president, prime minister, three deputy prime                 
ministers, Cabinet                                                              
                                                                                
Legislative branch: unicameral National Resistance Council                      
                                                                                
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court                                    
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since                
29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since              
NA January 1991);                                                               
                                                                                
Head of Government--Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA               
January 1991)                                                                   
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders: only party--National Resistance                  
Movement (NRM); note--the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM), Ugandan              
People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), and Conservative Party          
(CP) are all proscribed from conducting public political activities             
                                                                                
Suffrage: universal at age 18                                                   
                                                                                
Elections:                                                                      
                                                                                
National Resistance Council--last held 11-28 February 1989                      
(next to be held after January 1995);                                           
results--NRM is the only party;                                                 
seats--(278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected                  
without party affiliation                                                       
                                                                                
Other political parties or pressure groups:                                     
Uganda People's Front (UPF),                                                    
Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army (UPCDA),                              
Ruwenzori Movement                                                              
                                                                                
Communists: possibly a few sympathizers                                         
                                                                                
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,                 
IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,              
INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,                      
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO                                  
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina                         
KATENTA-APULI; 5909 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20011; telephone (202)        
726-7100 through 7102;                                                          
                                                                                
US--Ambassador James CARSON; Embassy at Parliament                              
Avenue, Kampala (mailing address is P. O. Box 7007, Kampala); telephone         
 256  (41) 259792, 259793, 259795                                               
                                                                                
Flag: six equal horizonal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black,             
yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts         
a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side                 
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including                   
fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper         
and cobalt. The economy has been devastated by much political                   
instability, mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962,           
keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income of about $300. (GDP remains        
below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.)            
Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over         
80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts             
for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government has                  
acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking                  
currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing            
petroleum prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes         
are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over          
300% in 1987, and boosting production and export earnings.                      
                                                                                
GDP: $4.9 billion, per capita $290 (1988); real growth rate 6.1%                
(1989 est.)                                                                     
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (FY90)                                    
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: NA%                                                          
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million,                       
including capital expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)                      
                                                                                
Exports: $273 million (f.o.b., 1989);                                           
                                                                                
commodities--coffee 97%, cotton, tea;                                           
                                                                                
partners--US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%                                 
                                                                                
Imports: $652 million (c.i.f., 1989);                                           
                                                                                
commodities--petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods,                 
metals, transportation equipment, food;                                         
                                                                                
partners--Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%                                          
                                                                                
External debt: $1.9 billion (1990 est.)                                         
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate 15.0% (1989 est.); accounts                  
for 5% of GDP                                                                   
                                                                                
Electricity: 173,000 kW capacity; 312 million kWh produced,                     
18 kWh per capita (1989)                                                        
                                                                                
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement                    
                                                                                
Agriculture: accounts for 57% of GDP and 83% of labor force; cash               
crops--coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops--cassava, potatoes, corn,       
millet, pulses; livestock products--beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;             
self-sufficient in food                                                         
                                                                                
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145                   
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments          
(1970-88), $1.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;             
Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million                                     
                                                                                
Currency: Ugandan shilling (plural--shillings);                                 
1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents                                            
                                                                                
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--563.18 (January               
1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.09 (1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00         
(1986), 6.72 (1985)                                                             
                                                                                
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June                                                     
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Railroads: 1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track                             
                                                                                
Highways: 26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone,              
gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks                          
                                                                                
Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake                  
George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water         
ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria                         
                                                                                
Merchant marine: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over)                   
totaling 1,697 GRT                                                              
                                                                                
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft                                           
                                                                                
Airports: 37 total, 28 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways;                
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with              
runways 1,220-2,439 m                                                           
                                                                                
Telecommunications: fair system with radio relay and radio                      
communications stations; 61,600 telephones; stations--10 AM, no FM, 9 TV;       
satellite communications ground stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1       
Indian Ocean INTELSAT                                                           
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force                                                 
                                                                                
Manpower availability: males 15-49, about 3,980,637; about 2,162,241            
fit for military service                                                        
                                                                                
Defense expenditures: $68 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988)                           
                                                                                
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES                                                            
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 83,600 km2; land area: 83,600 km2                                   
                                                                                
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine                                   
                                                                                
Land boundaries: 1,016 km total; Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 586 km,              
Qatar 20 km                                                                     
                                                                                
Coastline: 1,448 km                                                             
                                                                                
Maritime claims:                                                                
                                                                                
Continental shelf: defined by bilateral boundaries or equidistant               
line                                                                            
                                                                                
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;                                                
                                                                                
Territorial sea: 3 nm (assumed), 12 nm for Ash Shariqah                         
(Sharjah)                                                                       
                                                                                
Disputes: boundary with Qatar is in dispute; no defined boundary                
with Saudi Arabia; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but                   
Administrative Line in far north; claims three islands in the Persian           
Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu                               
Musa, Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye                  
Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb)                                                   
                                                                                
Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains                                    
                                                                                
Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand                   
dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east                               
                                                                                
Natural resources: crude oil and natural gas                                    
                                                                                
Land use: arable land NEGL%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and                 
pastures 2%; forest and woodland NEGL%; other 98%; includes irrigated           
NEGL%                                                                           
                                                                                
Environment: frequent dust and sand storms; lack of natural                     
freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants;                     
desertification                                                                 
                                                                                
Note: strategic location along southern approaches to                           
Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil                     
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 2,389,759 (July 1991), growth rate 5.7% (1991)                      
                                                                                
Birth rate: 30 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: 3 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                    
                                                                                
Net migration rate: 30 migrants/1,000 population (1991)                         
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                       
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 74 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 4.9 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Emirian(s), adjective--Emirian                               
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian                      
(fluctuating) 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East              
Asians) 8%; less than 20% of the population are UAE citizens (1982)             
                                                                                
Religion: Muslim 96% (Shia 16%); Christian, Hindu, and other                    
4%                                                                              
                                                                                
Language: Arabic (official); Persian and English widely spoken in               
major cities; Hindi, Urdu                                                       
                                                                                
Literacy: 68% (male 70%, female 63%) age 10 and over but definition             
of literacy not available (1980)                                                
                                                                                
Labor force: 580,000 (1986 est.); industry and commerce 85%,                    
agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%; 80% of labor force is foreign       
                                                                                
Organized labor: trade unions are illegal                                       
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: United Arab Emirates (no short-form name);                      
abbreviated UAE                                                                 
                                                                                
Type: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central             
government and other powers reserved to member emirates                         
                                                                                
Capital: Abu Dhabi                                                              
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat,                                   
singular--imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), Ajman, Al Fujayrah,                    
Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, Ras al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn                            
                                                                                
Independence: 2 December 1971 (from UK; formerly Trucial States)                
                                                                                
Constitution: 2 December 1971 (provisional)                                     
                                                                                
Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the UAE                     
Government and in several member shaykhdoms; Islamic law remains                
influential                                                                     
                                                                                
National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1971)                               
                                                                                
Executive branch: president, vice president, Supreme Council of                 
Rulers, prime minister, Council of Ministers                                    
                                                                                
Legislative branch: unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis                 
Watani Itihad)                                                                  
                                                                                
Judicial branch: Union Supreme Court                                            
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--President Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al NUHAYYAN,                  
(since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Dhabi;                                    
Vice President Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990),       
ruler of Dubayy;                                                                
                                                                                
Head of Government--Prime Minister Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid                     
al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy;                              
Deputy Prime Minister Sultan bin Zayid Al NUHAYYAN (since 20 November           
1990)                                                                           
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders: none                                             
                                                                                
Suffrage: none                                                                  
                                                                                
Elections: none                                                                 
                                                                                
Communists: NA                                                                  
                                                                                
Other political or pressure groups: a few small clandestine                     
groups are active                                                               
                                                                                
Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77,                  
GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,            
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC,           
OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO                  
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Abdullah bin Zayid                        
Al NUHAYYAN; Chancery at Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW,                
Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 338-6500;                                  
                                                                                
US--Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.; Embassy at Al-Sudan Street,               
Abu Dhabi (mailing address is P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi); telephone  971        
(2) 336691; there is a US Consulate General in Dubayy (Dubai)                   
                                                                                
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black             
with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side                              
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's                   
highest incomes per capita outside the OECD nations. This wealth is based       
on oil and gas, and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices       
of those commodities. Since 1973, when petroleum prices shot up, the UAE        
has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of          
small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of           
living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last         
for over 100 years.                                                             
                                                                                
GDP: $27.3 billion, per capita $12,100; real growth rate 10%                    
(1989 est.)                                                                     
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3-4% (1989 est.)                              
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: NEGL (1988)                                                  
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $3.8 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion,                       
including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)                               
                                                                                
Exports: $15.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);                                     
                                                                                
commodities--crude oil 65%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish,                 
dates;                                                                          
                                                                                
partners--US, EC, Japan                                                         
                                                                                
Imports: $9.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);                                      
                                                                                
commodities--food, consumer and capital goods;                                  
                                                                                
partners--EC, Japan, US                                                         
                                                                                
External debt: $11.0 billion (December 1989 est.)                               
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate - 9.3% (1986)                                
                                                                                
Electricity: 5,773,000 kW capacity; 15,400 million kWh produced,                
6,830 kWh per capita (1990)                                                     
                                                                                
Industries: petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction                    
materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling                            
                                                                                
Agriculture: accounts for 2% of GNP and 5% of labor force; cash                 
crop--dates; food products--vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs,             
dairy, fish; only 25% self-sufficient in food                                   
                                                                                
Economic aid: donor--pledged $9.1 billion in bilateral aid to less              
developed countries (1979-89)                                                   
                                                                                
Currency: Emirian dirham (plural--dirhams);                                     
1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils                                                
                                                                                
Exchange rates: Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1--3.6710 (fixed rate)              
                                                                                
Fiscal year: calendar year                                                      
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Highways: 2,000 km total; 1,800 km bituminous, 200 km gravel and                
graded earth                                                                    
                                                                                
Pipelines: 830 km crude oil; 870 km natural gas, including natural              
gas liquids                                                                     
                                                                                
Ports: Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali,                               
Mina Khalid, Mina Rashid, Mina Saqr,                                            
Mina Zayid                                                                      
                                                                                
Merchant marine: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 925,424                  
GRT/1,543,716 DWT; includes 22 cargo, 8 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off           
cargo, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 bulk                  
                                                                                
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft                                           
                                                                                
Airports: 38 total, 35 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways;               
7 with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways       
1,220-2,439 m                                                                   
                                                                                
Telecommunications: adequate system of radio relay and coaxial                  
cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy; 386,600 telephones;                
stations--8 AM, 3 FM, 12 TV; satellite communications ground                    
stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1              
ARABSAT; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan;               
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; radio relay to Saudi Arabia                    
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Federal Police Force                           
                                                                                
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 940,130; 516,218 fit for                    
military service                                                                
                                                                                
