BERMUDA                                                                         
(dependent territory of the UK)                                                 
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 50 km2; land area: 50 km2                                           
                                                                                
Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC                    
                                                                                
Land boundaries: none                                                           
                                                                                
Coastline: 103 km                                                               
                                                                                
Maritime claims:                                                                
                                                                                
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;                                                 
                                                                                
Territorial sea: 12 nm                                                          
                                                                                
Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in                
winter                                                                          
                                                                                
Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions                             
                                                                                
Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism                
                                                                                
Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures              
0%; forest and woodland 20%; other 80%                                          
                                                                                
Environment: ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes;                 
consists of about 360 small coral islands                                       
                                                                                
Note: 1,050 km east of North Carolina; some reclaimed land                      
leased by US Government                                                         
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 58,433 (July 1991), growth rate 1.5% (1991)                         
                                                                                
Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                    
                                                                                
Net migration rate: 7 migrants/1,000 population (1991)                          
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                       
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Bermudian(s); adjective--Bermudian                           
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: black 61%, white and other 39%                                
                                                                                
Religion: Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist                   
Episcopal (Zion) 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other             
28%                                                                             
                                                                                
Language: English                                                               
                                                                                
Literacy: 98% (male 98%, female 99%) age 15 and over can                        
read and write (1970)                                                           
                                                                                
Labor force: 32,000; clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%,                  
professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%,              
sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1984)                                     
                                                                                
Organized labor: 8,573 members (1985); largest union is Bermuda                 
Industrial Union                                                                
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: none                                                            
                                                                                
Type: dependent territory of the UK                                             
                                                                                
Capital: Hamilton                                                               
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*;                     
Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*,                
Saint George's, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick                            
                                                                                
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)                              
                                                                                
Constitution: 8 June 1968                                                       
                                                                                
Legal system: English law                                                       
                                                                                
National holiday: Bermuda Day, 22 May                                           
                                                                                
Executive branch: British monarch, governor, deputy governor,                   
premier, deputy premier, Executive Council (cabinet)                            
                                                                                
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house             
or Senate and a lower house or House of Assembly                                
                                                                                
Judicial branch: Supreme Court                                                  
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),                     
represented by Governor Sir Desmond LANGLEY (since NA October 1988);            
                                                                                
Head of Government--Premier John William David SWAN (since NA                   
January 1982)                                                                   
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders:                                                  
United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D. SWAN;                                    
Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick WADE;                                  
National Liberal Party (NLP), Gilbert DARRELL                                   
                                                                                
Suffrage: universal at age 21                                                   
                                                                                
Elections:                                                                      
                                                                                
House of Assembly--last held 9 February 1989 (next to be                        
held by February 1994); results--percent of vote by party NA;                   
seats--(40 total) UBP 23, PLP 15, NLP 1, other 1                                
                                                                                
Communists: negligible                                                          
                                                                                
Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU),             
headed by Ottiwell SIMMONS                                                      
                                                                                
Member of: CARICOM (observer), ICFTU, IOC                                       
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: as a dependent territory of the UK,                  
Bermuda's interests in the US are represented by the UK;                        
                                                                                
US--Consul General L. Ebersole GAINES; Consulate General at                     
Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton (mailing address is            
P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX, or FPO New York 09560-5300); telephone          
(809) 295-1342                                                                  
                                                                                
Flag: red with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant              
and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and blue shield with a red lion           
holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off       
Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag                         
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in               
the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing luxury       
tourist facilities and financial services. The tourist industry attracts        
more than 90% of its business from North America. The industrial sector         
is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land.       
About 80% of food needs are imported.                                           
                                                                                
GDP: $1.3 billion, per capita $22,400; real growth rate 2.0% (1989              
est.)                                                                           
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.8% (June 1989)                              
                                                                                
Unemployment: 2.0% (1988)                                                       
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $307 million; expenditures $275 million, including             
capital expenditures of $31 million (FY90 est.)                                 
                                                                                
Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., FY88);                                            
                                                                                
commodities--semitropical produce, light manufactures;                          
partners--US 25%, Italy 25%, UK 14%, Canada 5%, other 31%                       
                                                                                
Imports: $420 million (c.i.f., FY88);                                           
                                                                                
commodities--fuel, foodstuffs, machinery;                                       
                                                                                
partners--US 58%, Netherlands Antilles 9%, UK 8%, Canada 6%, Japan              
5%, other 14%                                                                   
                                                                                
External debt: NA                                                               
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate NA%                                          
                                                                                
Electricity: 154,000 kW capacity; 504 million kWh produced,                     
8,640 kWh per capita (1990)                                                     
                                                                                
Industries: tourism, finance, structural concrete products,                     
paints, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing                                         
                                                                                
Agriculture: accounts for less than 1% of GDP; most basic foods                 
must be imported; produces bananas, vegetables, citrus fruits, flowers,         
dairy products                                                                  
                                                                                
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $34                    
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments          
(1970-88), $267 million                                                         
                                                                                
Currency: Bermudian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Bermudian dollar                
(Bd$) = 100 cents                                                               
                                                                                
Exchange rates: Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1--1.0000 (fixed                  
rate)                                                                           
                                                                                
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March                                                   
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Highways: 210 km public roads, all paved (about 400 km of private               
roads)                                                                          
                                                                                
Ports: Freeport, Hamilton, Saint George                                         
                                                                                
Merchant marine: 84 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,826,756                
GRT/6,932,981 DWT; includes 3 short-sea passenger, 8 cargo, 7                   
refrigerated cargo, 4 container, 8 roll-on/roll-off, 26 petroleum, oils,        
and lubricants (POL) tanker, 11 liquefied gas, 17 bulk; note--a flag of         
convenience registry                                                            
                                                                                
Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft                                          
                                                                                
Airports: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m                        
                                                                                
Telecommunications: modern with fully automatic telephone system;               
52,670 telephones; stations--5 AM, 3 FM, 2 TV; 3 submarine cables; 2            
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations                                          
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Reserve                       
Constabulary                                                                    
                                                                                
Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK                                   
                                                                                
