TOKELAU                                                                         
(territory of New Zealand)                                                      
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 10 km2; land area: 10 km2                                           
                                                                                
Comparative area: about 17 times the size of The Mall in                        
Washington, DC                                                                  
                                                                                
Land boundaries: none                                                           
                                                                                
Coastline: 101 km                                                               
                                                                                
Maritime claims:                                                                
                                                                                
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;                                                
                                                                                
Territorial sea: 12 nm                                                          
                                                                                
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)                 
                                                                                
Terrain: coral atolls enclosing large lagoons                                   
                                                                                
Natural resources: negligible                                                   
                                                                                
Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures              
0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%                                          
                                                                                
Environment: lies in Pacific typhoon belt                                       
                                                                                
Note: located 3,750 km southwest of Honolulu in the South Pacific               
Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand                             
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 1,700 (July 1991), growth rate 0.0% (1991)                          
                                                                                
Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Net migration rate: NA migrants/1,000 population (1991)                         
Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                       
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: NA years male, NA years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman (1991)                             
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Tokelauan(s); adjective--Tokelauan                           
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: all Polynesian, with cultural ties to Western                 
Samoa                                                                           
                                                                                
Religion: Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic                   
28%, other 2%; on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on       
Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the          
Congregational Christian Church predominant                                     
                                                                                
Language: Tokelauan (a Polynesian language) and English                         
                                                                                
Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)                                            
                                                                                
Labor force: NA                                                                 
                                                                                
Organized labor: NA                                                             
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: none                                                            
                                                                                
Type: territory of New Zealand                                                  
                                                                                
Capital: none, each atoll has its own administrative center                     
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: none (territory of New Zealand)                       
                                                                                
Independence: none (territory of New Zealand)                                   
                                                                                
Constitution: administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948,               
as amended in 1970                                                              
                                                                                
Legal system: British and local statutes                                        
                                                                                
National holiday: Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established                  
British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)                        
                                                                                
Executive branch: administrator (appointed by the Minister of                   
Foreign Affairs in New Zealand), official secretary                             
                                                                                
Legislative branch: Council of Elders (Taupulega) on each atoll                 
                                                                                
Judicial branch: High Court in Niue, Supreme Court in New Zealand               
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);                     
                                                                                
Head of Government--Administrator Neil WALTER; Official Secretary               
M. NORRISH, Office of Tokelau Affairs                                           
                                                                                
Suffrage: NA                                                                    
                                                                                
Elections: NA                                                                   
                                                                                
Communists: probably none                                                       
                                                                                
Member of: SPC                                                                  
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: none (territory of New Zealand)                      
                                                                                
Flag: the flag of New Zealand is used                                           
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: Tokelau's small size, isolation, and lack of resources                
greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the            
subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to              
maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than           
GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage         
stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to              
families from relatives in New Zealand.                                         
                                                                                
GDP: $1.4 million, per capita $800; real growth rate NA%                        
(1988 est.)                                                                     
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%                                           
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: NA%                                                          
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $430,830; expenditures $2.8 million, including                 
capital expenditures of $37,300 (FY87)                                          
                                                                                
Exports: $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983);                                                
                                                                                
commodities--stamps, copra, handicrafts;                                        
                                                                                
partners--NZ                                                                    
                                                                                
Imports: $323,400 (c.i.f., 1983);                                               
                                                                                
commodities--foodstuffs, building materials, fuel;                              
                                                                                
partners--NZ                                                                    
                                                                                
External debt: none                                                             
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate NA%                                          
                                                                                
Electricity: 200 kW capacity; 300,000 kWh produced,                             
180 kWh per capita (1990)                                                       
                                                                                
Industries: small-scale enterprises for copra production, wood                  
work, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing                               
                                                                                
Agriculture: coconuts, copra; basic subsistence crops--breadfruit,              
papaya, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats                                           
                                                                                
Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral                 
commitments (1970-88), $24 million                                              
                                                                                
Currency: New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars);                                 
1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents                                          
                                                                                
Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January             
1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088       
(1986), 2.0064 (1985)                                                           
                                                                                
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March                                                   
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only                                            
                                                                                
Airports: none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Western             
Samoa                                                                           
                                                                                
Telecommunications: telephone service between islands and to                    
Western Samoa                                                                   
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand                              
                                                                                
