DENMARK                                                                         
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 43,070 km2; land area: 42,370 km2; includes the island              
of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but         
excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland                                        
                                                                                
Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of                          
Massachusetts                                                                   
                                                                                
Land boundaries: 68 km with Germany                                             
                                                                                
Coastline: 3,379 km                                                             
                                                                                
Maritime claims:                                                                
                                                                                
Contiguous zone: 4 nm;                                                          
                                                                                
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;                   
                                                                                
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;                                                 
                                                                                
Territorial sea: 3 nm                                                           
                                                                                
Disputes: Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland,                  
Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement        
in the Rockall area); Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims           
between Greenland and Jan Mayen                                                 
                                                                                
Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and                 
cool summers                                                                    
                                                                                
Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains                                  
                                                                                
Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone                
                                                                                
Land use: arable land 61%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and                   
pastures 6%; forest and woodland 12%; other 21%; includes irrigated 9%          
                                                                                
Environment: air and water pollution                                            
                                                                                
Note: controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas                     
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 5,132,626 (July 1991), growth rate NEGL% (1991)                     
                                                                                
Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)                       
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                        
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 79 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Dane(s); adjective--Danish                                   
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German                         
                                                                                
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman                  
Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)                                                    
                                                                                
Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small               
German-speaking minority                                                        
                                                                                
Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can                        
read and write (1980 est.)                                                      
                                                                                
Labor force: 2,581,400; private services 36.4%; government services             
30.2%; manufacturing and mining 20%; construction 6.8%; agriculture,            
forestry, and fishing 5.9%; electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)                   
                                                                                
Organized labor: 65% of labor force                                             
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: Kingdom of Denmark                                              
                                                                                
Type: constitutional monarchy                                                   
                                                                                
Capital: Copenhagen                                                             
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark--14 counties (amter,             
singular--amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg,              
Fyn, Kobenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde,                        
Sonderjylland, Staden Kobenhavn*, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjaelland,              
Viborg; note--see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland          
which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative            
divisions                                                                       
                                                                                
Independence: became a constitutional monarchy in 1849                          
                                                                                
Constitution: 5 June 1953                                                       
                                                                                
Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative                  
acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations                    
                                                                                
National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)                        
                                                                                
Executive branch: monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet               
                                                                                
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Folketing)                           
Judicial branch: Supreme Court                                                  
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972);                        
Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26            
May 1968);                                                                      
                                                                                
Head of Government--Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10                      
September 1982)                                                                 
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Svend AUKEN;                  
Conservative, Poul SCHLUTER;                                                    
Liberal, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN;                                                  
Socialist People's, Holger K. NIELSEN;                                          
Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD;                                                
Center Democratic, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN;                                      
Radical Liberal, Marianne JELVED;                                               
Christian People's, Flemming KOTOED-SVENDSEN;                                   
Left Socialist, Elizabeth BRUN-OLESEN;                                          
Justice, Poul Gerhard KRISTIANSEN;                                              
Socialist Workers Party, leader NA;                                             
Communist Workers' Party (KAP), leader NA;                                      
Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN;                                            
Green Party, Inger BORLEHMANN                                                   
                                                                                
Suffrage: universal at age 21                                                   
                                                                                
Elections:                                                                      
                                                                                
Parliament--last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by                      
December 1994);                                                                 
results--Social Democratic 37.4%, Conservative 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%,            
Socialist People's 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic 5.1%,           
Radical Liberal 3.5%, Christian People's 2.3%, other 5.2%;                      
seats--(175 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe               
Islands) Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29,                     
Socialist People's 15, Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical          
Liberal 7, Christian People's 4                                                 
                                                                                
Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM,                
CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,          
ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,             
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD,                  
PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG,                        
UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO                                             
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG;                     
Chancery at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone           
(202) 234-4300; there are Danish Consulates General at Chicago, Houston,        
Los Angeles, and New York;                                                      
                                                                                
US--Ambassador Keith L. BROWN; Embassy at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle                
24, 2100 Copenhagen O (mailing address is APO New York 09170);                  
telephone  45  (31) 42 31 44                                                    
                                                                                
Flag: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag;             
the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side and that            
design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently                  
adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and          
Sweden                                                                          
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: This modern economy features high-tech                                
agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive           
government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high             
dependence on foreign trade. The Danish economy is likely to maintain           
its slow but steady improvement in 1991. GDP grew by 1.3% in 1990               
and probably will grow by about 1.25% in 1991; unemployment is running          
close to 10%. In 1990 Denmark had the lowest inflation rate in the EC,          
a record trade surplus, and the first balance-of-payments surplus in            
26 years. As the government prepares for the economic integration of            
Europe during 1992, growth, investment, and competitiveness are expected        
to improve, reducing unemployment, inflation, and debt.                         
                                                                                
GDP: $78.0 billion, per capita $15,200; real growth rate 1.3%                   
(1990)                                                                          
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (1990)                                   
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: 9.5% (1990)                                                  
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $62.5 billion; expenditures $60 billion, including             
capital expenditures of $NA billion (1989)                                      
                                                                                
Exports: $34.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990);                                          
                                                                                
commodities--meat and meat products, dairy products, transport                  
equipment, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery;                               
                                                                                
partners--EC 52.2% (Germany 19.5%, UK 10.9%, France 6.1%), Sweden               
12.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 5.0%, Japan 4.3% (1990)                                  
                                                                                
Imports: $31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);                                          
                                                                                
commodities--petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain               
and foodstuffs, textiles, paper;                                                
                                                                                
partners--EC 57% (Germany 25.6%, UK 8.4%), Sweden 12.7%, US 6.7%                
(1990)                                                                          
                                                                                
External debt: $45 billion (1990)                                               
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1989)                                  
                                                                                
Electricity: 11,215,000 kW capacity; 30,910 million kWh produced,               
6,030 kWh per capita (1989)                                                     
                                                                                
Industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and              
clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and          
other wood products                                                             
                                                                                
Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GNP and employs 6% of labor force               
(includes fishing and forestry); farm products account for nearly 15%           
of export revenues; principal products--meat, dairy, grain, potatoes,           
rape, sugar beets, fish; self-sufficient in food production                     
                                                                                
Economic aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion             
                                                                                
Currency: Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone                         
(DKr) = 100 ore                                                                 
                                                                                
Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January                    
(1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091           
(1986), 10.596 (1985)                                                           
                                                                                
Fiscal year: calendar year                                                      
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Railroads: 2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State                    
Railways (DSB) operate 2,025 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry       
services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of                 
standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated                           
                                                                                
Highways: 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone                
block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth                           
                                                                                
Inland waterways: 417 km                                                        
                                                                                
Pipelines: crude oil, 110 km; refined products, 578 km; natural                 
gas, 700 km                                                                     
                                                                                
Ports: Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia;                          
numerous secondary and minor ports                                              
                                                                                
Merchant marine: 281 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,888,064               
GRT/7,131,949 DWT; includes 13 short-sea passenger, 85 cargo, 15                
refrigerated cargo, 35 container, 40 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar          
carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical           
tanker, 22 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 14 bulk, 1 combination           
bulk; note--Denmark has created its own internal register, called the           
Danish International Ship Register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to              
meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience       
within the Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag          
ships belonged to the DIS                                                       
                                                                                
Civil air: 69 major transport aircraft                                          
                                                                                
Airports: 129 total, 112 usable; 27 with permanent-surface                      
runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;          
7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m                                                    
                                                                                
Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast               
services; 4,509,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 15 (39 repeaters) FM, 27        
(25 repeaters) TV; 7 submarine coaxial cables; 1 earth station operating        
in INTELSAT, 4 Atlantic Ocean, EUTELSAT, and domestic systems                   
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air                
Force                                                                           
                                                                                
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,369,684; 1,179,991 fit for                
military service; 36,991 reach military age (20) annually                       
                                                                                
Defense expenditures: $2.4 billion, 2% of GDP (1990)                            
                                                                                
