ZAMBIA                                                                          
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 752,610 km2; land area: 740,720 km2                                 
                                                                                
Comparative area: slightly larger than Texas                                    
                                                                                
Land boundaries: 5,664 km total; Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km,                
Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km,             
Zimbabwe 797 km                                                                 
                                                                                
Coastline: none--landlocked                                                     
                                                                                
Maritime claims: none--landlocked                                               
                                                                                
Disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in                
disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no          
longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of        
the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled                                      
                                                                                
Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to               
April)                                                                          
                                                                                
Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains                      
                                                                                
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds,                  
gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential                                     
Land use: arable land 7%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and                    
pastures 47%; forest and woodland 27%; other 19%; includes irrigated            
NEGL%                                                                           
                                                                                
Environment: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification                       
                                                                                
Note: landlocked                                                                
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 8,445,724 (July 1991), growth rate 3.5% (1991)                      
                                                                                
Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Net migration rate: - 2 migrants/1,000 population (1991)                        
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 79 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                       
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 55 years male, 58 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Zambian(s); adjective--Zambian                               
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%                      
                                                                                
Religion: Christian 50-75%, Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous              
beliefs 1%                                                                      
                                                                                
Language: English (official); about 70 indigenous languages                     
                                                                                
Literacy: 73% (male 81%, female 65%) age 15 and over can                        
read and write (1990 est.)                                                      
                                                                                
Labor force: 2,455,000; 85% agriculture; 6% mining, manufacturing,              
and construction; 9% transport and services                                     
                                                                                
Organized labor: about 238,000 wage earners are unionized                       
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: Republic of Zambia                                              
                                                                                
Type: multiparty system; on 17 December 1990, President Kenneth                 
KAUNDA signed into law the constitutional amendment that officially             
reintroduced the multiparty system in Zambia and ending 17 years of             
one-party rule                                                                  
                                                                                
Capital: Lusaka                                                                 
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt,                     
Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western            
                                                                                
Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK; formerly Northern Rhodesia)             
                                                                                
Constitution: 25 August 1973                                                    
                                                                                
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law;                    
judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council;        
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction                                    
                                                                                
National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)                           
                                                                                
Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet                            
                                                                                
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly                                
                                                                                
Judicial branch: Supreme Court                                                  
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--President Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA (since 24                    
October 1964);                                                                  
                                                                                
Head of Government--Prime Minister Gen. Malimba MASHEKE (since                  
15 March 1989)                                                                  
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders:                                                  
United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth KAUNDA;                      
Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), Frederick CHILUBA;                     
National Democratic Alliance (NADA), leader NA;                                 
Democratic Party, leader NA; note--the first Extraordinary                      
Congress of UNIP began on 6 August 1991                                         
                                                                                
Suffrage: universal at age 18                                                   
                                                                                
Elections:                                                                      
                                                                                
President--last held 26 October 1988                                            
(next to be held mid-1991);                                                     
results--President Kenneth KAUNDA was reelected without opposition;             
                                                                                
National Assembly--last held 26 October 1988                                    
(next to be held mid-1991);                                                     
results--UNIP was the only party;                                               
seats--(136 total, 125 elected) UNIP 125                                        
                                                                                
Communists: no Communist party                                                  
                                                                                
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-19, G-77, GATT,                  
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,       
LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU,                
WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO                                                        
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Paul J. F. LUSAKA; Chancery               
at 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202)           
265-9717 through 9721;                                                          
                                                                                
US--Ambassador Gordon L. STREET; Embassy at corner of Independence              
Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka (mailing address is P. O. Box          
31617, Lusaka); telephone  2601  228-595, 228-596, 228-598, 228-601,            
228-602, 228-603, 251-419                                                       
                                                                                
Flag: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist                  
side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer             
edge of the flag                                                                
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: The economy has been in decline for more than a decade                
with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties            
stem from a sustained drop in copper production and ineffective economic        
policies. In 1990 real GDP stood only slightly higher than that of 10           
years before, while an annual population growth of more than 3% has             
brought a decline in per capita GDP of 25% during the same period. A            
high inflation rate has also added to Zambia's economic woes in recent          
years.                                                                          
                                                                                
GDP: $4.7 billion, per capita $580; real growth rate - 2% (1990)                
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 80% (1990)                                    
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: NA%                                                          
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $1.5 billion; expenditures $1.5 billion,                       
including capital expenditures of $300 million (1991 est.)                      
                                                                                
Exports: $1.1 million (f.o.b., 1990);                                           
                                                                                
commodities--copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco;                               
                                                                                
partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US                                           
                                                                                
Imports: $1.1 million (c.i.f., 1990);                                           
                                                                                
commodities--machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs,                   
fuels, manufactures;                                                            
                                                                                
partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US                                           
                                                                                
External debt: $7.2 billion (December 1990)                                     
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate 2.9% (1990); accounts for                    
one-third of GDP                                                                
                                                                                
Electricity: 1,900,000 kW capacity; 8,245 million kWh produced,                 
1,050 kWh per capita (1989)                                                     
                                                                                
Industries: copper mining and processing, transport, construction,              
foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer                      
                                                                                
Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 85% of labor force;                    
crops--corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco,          
cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs;                          
marginally self-sufficient in corn                                              
                                                                                
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $484                   
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments          
(1970-88), $4.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;             
Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million                                     
                                                                                
Currency: Zambian kwacha (plural--kwacha);                                      
1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee                                               
                                                                                
Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1--43.2900 (January                  
1991), 28.9855 (1990), 12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987),            
7.3046 (1986), 2.7137 (1985)                                                    
                                                                                
Fiscal year: calendar year                                                      
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Railroads: 1,266 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track                  
                                                                                
Highways: 36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone,              
gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth             
                                                                                
Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers,               
Lake Tanganyika                                                                 
                                                                                
Pipelines: 1,724 km crude oil                                                   
                                                                                
Ports: Mpulungu (lake port)                                                     
                                                                                
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft                                           
                                                                                
Airports: 121 total, 106 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways;             
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 23 with              
runways 1,220-2,439 m                                                           
                                                                                
Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan                
Africa; high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities;        
71,700 telephones; stations--11 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth                 
stations--1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT                 
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: Army, Air Force, Police, paramilitary                                 
                                                                                
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,755,585; 920,878 fit for                  
military service                                                                
                                                                                
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP                                           
                                                                                
