CAMBODIA                                                                        
GEOGRAPHY                                                                       
Total area: 181,040 km2; land area: 176,520 km2                                 
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma                                
                                                                                
Land boundaries: 2,572 km total; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km,                  
Vietnam 1,228 km                                                                
                                                                                
Coastline: 443 km                                                               
                                                                                
Maritime claims:                                                                
                                                                                
Contiguous zone: 24 nm;                                                         
                                                                                
Continental shelf: 200 nm;                                                      
                                                                                
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;                                                
                                                                                
Territorial sea: 12 nm                                                          
                                                                                
Disputes: offshore islands and three sections of the                            
boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam            
not defined; occupied by Vietnam on 25 December 1978                            
                                                                                
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry                  
season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation               
                                                                                
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north              
                                                                                
Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese,                 
phosphates, hydropower potential                                                
                                                                                
Land use: arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures             
3%; forest and woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%                    
                                                                                
Environment: a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong                  
River and Tonle Sap                                                             
                                                                                
Note: buffer between Thailand and Vietnam                                       
                                                                                
PEOPLE                                                                          
Population: 7,146,386 (July 1991), growth rate 2.2% (1991)                      
                                                                                
Birth rate: 38 births/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)                                   
                                                                                
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)                          
                                                                                
Infant mortality rate: 125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)                      
                                                                                
Life expectancy at birth: 48 years male, 51 years female (1991)                 
                                                                                
Total fertility rate: 4.5 children born/woman (1991)                            
                                                                                
Nationality: noun--Cambodian(s); adjective--Cambodian                           
                                                                                
Ethnic divisions: Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%                               
                                                                                
Religion: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%                                      
                                                                                
Language: Khmer (official), French                                              
Literacy: 35% (male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can                        
read and write (1990 est.)                                                      
                                                                                
Labor force: 2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)                       
                                                                                
Organized labor: Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under              
government control                                                              
                                                                                
GOVERNMENT                                                                      
Long-form name: none                                                            
                                                                                
Type: disputed between the National Government of Cambodia (NGC)                
led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, and the State of Cambodia (SOC) led by          
HENG SAMRIN                                                                     
                                                                                
Capital: Phnom Penh                                                             
                                                                                
Administrative divisions: NGC--18 provinces (khet, singular and                 
plural) and 1 capital city* (rottatheanei);                                     
Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang,                                      
Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong,                          
Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah                             
Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar                                   
Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev; note--the SOC adds                   
a province of Banteay Meanchey and an autonomous municipality of                
Kampong Saom to the NGC administrative structure                                
                                                                                
Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)                                     
                                                                                
Constitution: SOC--27 June 1981                                                 
                                                                                
National holidays: NGC--Independence Day, 17 April (1975);                      
SOC--Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)                                           
                                                                                
Executive branch: NGC--president, prime minister; SOC--chairman                 
of the Council of State, Council of State, chairman of the Council of           
Ministers, Council of Ministers                                                 
                                                                                
Legislative branch: NGC--none; SOC--unicameral National Assembly                
                                                                                
Judicial branch: NGC--none; SOC--Supreme People's Court                         
                                                                                
Leaders:                                                                        
                                                                                
Chief of State--NGC--President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK                          
(since NA July 1982); SOC--Chairman of the Council of State HENG                
SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981)                                                     
                                                                                
Head of Government--NGC--Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July                 
1982);                                                                          
SOC--Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)       
                                                                                
Political parties and leaders: NGC--three resistance groups                     
including:                                                                      
Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU            
SAMPHAN;                                                                        
Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN;                
and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and            
Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH;                
SOC--Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) led by HENG SAMRIN          
                                                                                
Suffrage: NGC--none; SOC--universal at age 18                                   
                                                                                
Elections:                                                                      
                                                                                
NGC--none;                                                                      
                                                                                
SOC--National Assembly--last held 1 May 1981; in February 1986 the              
Assembly voted to extend its term for five years; results--KPRP is the          
only party;                                                                     
seats--(123 total) KPRP 123                                                     
                                                                                
Member of: AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,                   
ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,         
WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO                                                             
                                                                                
Diplomatic representation: none                                                 
                                                                                
Flag:                                                                           
NGC--three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue         
with a white stylized three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat              
centered on the red band;                                                       
                                                                                
SOC--two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold               
stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center              
                                                                                
ECONOMY                                                                         
Overview: Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic                 
development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The                
economy is based on agriculture and related industries.  Over the               
past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction       
by war and political upheaval. It still remains, however, one of the            
world's poorest countries, with an estimated per capita GDP of about            
$130.  The food situation is precarious; during the 1980s famine has            
been averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production          
level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of               
domestic needs. The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has        
been in new rubber plantings and in fishing. Industry, other than rice          
processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade is primarily with the          
USSR and Vietnam. Statistical data on the economy continues to be sparse        
and unreliable. Foreign aid from the USSR and Eastern Europe almost             
certainly is being slashed.                                                     
                                                                                
GDP: $890 million, per capita $130; real growth rate 0% (1989 est.)             
                                                                                
Unemployment rate: NA%                                                          
                                                                                
Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital                       
expenditures of $NA                                                             
                                                                                
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 50% (first half 1990)                         
                                                                                
Exports: $32 million (f.o.b., 1988);                                            
                                                                                
commodities--natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood;                                
                                                                                
partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India                           
                                                                                
Imports: $147 million (c.i.f., 1988);                                           
commodities--international food aid; fuels, consumer goods,                     
machinery;                                                                      
                                                                                
partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India                           
                                                                                
External debt: $600 million (1989)                                              
                                                                                
Industrial production: growth rate NA%                                          
                                                                                
Electricity: 126,000 kW capacity; 150 million kWh produced,                     
20 kWh per capita (1990)                                                        
                                                                                
Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber,              
cement, gem mining                                                              
                                                                                
Agriculture: mainly subsistence farming except for rubber                       
plantations; main crops--rice, rubber, corn; food shortages--rice, meat,        
vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour                                        
                                                                                
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $719                   
million; Western (non-US) countries (1970-88), $285 million; Communist          
countries (1970-89), $1,800 million                                             
                                                                                
Currency: riel (plural--riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen                           
                                                                                
Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1--560 (November 1990), 159.00                
(1988), 100.00 (1987), 30.00 (1986), 7.00 (1985)                                
                                                                                
Fiscal year: calendar year                                                      
                                                                                
COMMUNICATIONS                                                                  
Railroads: 612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned                           
                                                                                
Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed                
stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads         
in disrepair                                                                    
                                                                                
Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6              
meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters                            
                                                                                
Ports: Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh                                                 
                                                                                
Airports: 22 total, 9 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways;                 
none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;                   
4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m                                                    
                                                                                
Telecommunications: service barely adequate for government                      
requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international        
service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; stations--1 AM,        
no FM, 1 TV                                                                     
                                                                                
DEFENSE FORCES                                                                  
Branches: SOC--Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); Communist                
resistance forces--National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge);         
non-Communist resistance forces--Armee National Kampuchea Independent           
(ANKI) which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent            
Cambodia (NAIC) and Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces             
(KPNLAF)                                                                        
                                                                                
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,869,880; 1,030,356 fit for                
military service; 57,288 reach military age (18) annually                       
                                                                                
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP                                           
                                                                                
